There are many wildflowers that bloom in the Columbia River Gorge. Some of the flowers are easy to recognize like balsam root and lupine. The blooming begins in March and as the season warms continues to change. There is a diversity in the flowers that bloom due to the gorge's two distinct climate zones in this 85 mile long area. The region is dry on the eastern side of the mountains and wet and thickly forested on the western side. The two zones meet in the central gorge where you can find the greatest variety and abundance of flowers. Some wildflowers to look for in the Columbia River Gorge between March and June are: bitter root, glacier lily, indian paintbrush, balsam root, and larkspur.
The following flowers can be seen in this central area usually from March through June. Two prime viewing sites sith easy hiking trails of 3 miles or less are Catherine Creek in Washington and the Tom McCall Nature Preserve near Rowena Crest in Oregon.
Grass Widow (Sisyrinchium douglasii). These flowers are members of the iris family. They are among the first to bloom in March in the central and eastern Gorge. They have small pink-purple flowers and grow from stems and clasping leaf blades that resemble grass. They are 6 to 10 inches high.
Shooting Star (Dodecatheon poeticum). Another common name is "poet's shooting star". These flowers have deep pink flowers with yellow centers. The petals sweep backward to reveal pointed stamens in the yellow center.
Glacier Lily (Erythronium grandiflorum). These lilies have yellow petals that curl back displaying the stamens. The flowers are about 2 inches across on stems 6-12 inches.
Yellow Bells (Fritillaria pudica). These yellow bell-shaped members of the lily family grow singly on stems up to ten inches tall. You will see them in open grasslands.
Cluster Lily (Brodiaea howellii). There are several varieties of Brodiaea. They all have similar clusters of white flowers sometimes with purple streaks or sometimes almost completely purple. The flowers cluster at the top of stems which can grow to about a foot or more in height.
Blue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium). These are similar to Grass Widow with a darker blue color. They have small six-petal flowers which seem to emerge from the folds of the grass-like stem and leaves. The stems can reach from 6-12 inches tall.
Chocolate Lily (Fritillaria lanceolata). This lily has an unusual color ranging from chocolate brown to very deep purple with yellow speckles. They grow several on a stem nodding downward. They favor the open oak woods.
Blue Camas (Camassia quamash). This member of the lily family was important to the Native Americans who collected the bulbs for food. The delicate six-petal flowers grow several to a stem. Some may be blooming while others above them are still buds. These flowers are blue but a similar white flower, called the "Death Camas," is poisonous. Camas prefer to grow where moisture collects.
Bitter Root (Lewisia rediviva). These grow close to the ground in dry rocky areas, pushing their multi-petal pink blooms up between the stones. They grow on hidden stems, but often in the company of others nearby.
Balsam Root (Balsamorhiza deltoidea and Balsamorhiza sagittata). These abundant flowers have sunflower-like blooms. They spread across Gorge grasslands and oak woods in April and May. They can grow 1-2 feet in height and are surrounded by a dense base of large arrow-shaped leaves. The sunny flowers are about 3-4 inches across.
Lupine (Lupinus sp.) Blue lupines mix with Balsam Root to cover fields and oak woods. There are several similar species but most grow as one- to two-foot-stocks which bear numerous flowers.
Paintbrush (Castilleja hispida) There are several species of paintbrush which find different niches in the Gorge region. These flowers have a long upper which is actually formed of numerous leaf bracts. This flower resembles a bushy paintbrush. Red is the predominant color with some in shades of yellow and orange.
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Hood River, Oregon amym@gorge.net
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